The normal cornea The air–tear interface is the most powerful refracting interface of the eye. The cornea is aspheric, with the central cornea steeper than the periphery. The refractive power of the optical zone (central 4 mm) is ≈43 D. The … Continue reading Cornea
Leucocoria is a white pupil. It is a serious sign that requires urgent referral and assessment. The more common causes include: ( very important in the exam) ■ Infantile cataract. ■ Retinoblastoma. 1- Retinoblastoma The most common malignant intraocular tumour in … Continue reading Leukocoria
a short course on central retinal artery occlusion and branch retinal artery occlusion Continue reading Retina vascular disease 3
a brief course on Central retinal vein occlusion and central retinal artery occlusion K.S Continue reading retinal vascular disease (part 2)
basics in Retina and Retinal vascular disease, what needs to be learned for fifth year medical students. Continue reading The Retina diabetic macular diease ( retina part 1)
Preoperative Assessment Cataract is the most common cause of treatable blindness worldwide. Most cataracts are age-related. An estimated 30% of those aged over 65 have visually significant (<6/12) cataract and 70% of those over 85 years. Whilst age is the predominant … Continue reading CATARACT SURGERY
Conjunctival Anatomy ■ The conjunctival epithelium includes goblet cells that produce the mucous layer of the tear film. ■ The conjunctival stroma comprises a superfi cial adenoid layer and a deep fi brous layer. The former contains lymphoid tissue that results in follicle formation with appropriate stimuli (it is undeveloped in infants who cannot develop a follicular response). The tarsal conjunctiva is firmly anchored to the tarsus, resulting in papillae when there is conjunctival infiltration, whereas the bulbar conjunctiva is only loosely attached to the globe and papillae are not seen except at the limbus. ■ Lymphatics drain to the submandibular and preauricular … Continue reading EXTERNAL EYE DISEASE (Conjunctiva)
Contact lenses often provide better visual acuity and peripheral vision than do eyeglasses and can be prescribed to correct the following: Myopia Hyperopia Astigmatism Anisometropia Aniseikonia (a difference in image size) Aphakia (absence of the lens) after cataract removal Keratoconus (a … Continue reading contact lenses
The eye can be examined with routine equipment, including a standard ophthalmoscope; thorough examination requires special equipment and evaluation by an ophthalmologist. History History includes location, speed of onset, and duration of current symptoms and history of previous ocular symptoms. … Continue reading comprehensive eye examination
refractive error lecture for mutah university. Continue reading principles of refractive errors
